lafd alarm assignments

The triple combination fire engine or triple (as it is commonly called) is the most common type of firefighting apparatus in Los Angeles. G. Special Incident Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst I (Unit Commander). Another possible reason is that the city and the unincorporated county are often bordering each other and thus the two appear to be serving the same area. Commanded by a Communications Electrician Supervisor. Commanded by a Captain I. 1 in May 1875, Engine Co. No. I. Command at emergencies - First Member to Arrive. The core series of emergency resources for the LAFD involve fire and life safety rescue apparatus. Routing Each firefighting alarm assignment typically has 2-4 fire engines, 1-2 ladder trucks, 1 rescue/air unit, and 1 battalion chief, though this varies. Give Metro a brief "On Scene" report, and a more thorough "Size-up" report as time becomes available. How to Become a Firefighter: The Complete Guide, Is Smoke Flammable? The Los Angeles Fire Department protects a diverse and challenging community. Commanded by a Captain I (Unit Commander), who holds the assignment of Department Public Information Officer. A marketing research firm wishes to compare the prices charged by two supermarket chainsMillers and Alberts. South Bureau Undetermined fires with loss of $25,000 or more. Traditionally, these sedans have been staffed by an Assistant Chief responsible for one of the city's fire protection divisions, and a "command team" Staff Assistant. [23]FIRE 1, FIRE 2, FIRE 3, FIRE 4, and FIRE 5 are all AgustaWestland AW139s. The research firm, using a standardized one-week shopping plan (grocery list), makes identical purchases at 101010 of each chains stores. Or, when running with two engines, the term "Task Force" is used. S.F., brush, auto, AA) First alarm assignments Category B Not less than six fire companies, including not less than two trucks (e.g., 4 Engines + 2 Light Force + 1BC + 1Paramedic Rescue +1 EMS Captain + 1 800 Series Rescue + 1 Squad*). Red Flag No Parking, FIRE PREVENTION Big fires are complex to handle, and each firefighter needs clear instructions to follow and the necessary amount of support to do their job effectively. When fire, earthquake, traffic accidents, or other emergencies occur, the Department's fire and rescue resources are called into action. The LAFD minimum staffing is five members on a truck (a pump operator shall not be counted as one of the 5) and four members on an engine. Unit, Box Alarm (MBTA Station/Tunnel Fire Response), 4 Engines (1 for R.I.T. In the Los Angeles CITY Fire Dept a Task Force is comprised of 2 Engine companie's 1 ladder truck. This site was created to help anyone with an interest in the fire service and it is where I share everything I know and have learned about being a firefighter. Assume command. The role of the task force may evolve further, as the LAFD seeks to improve its ability to respond effectively to any type of incident.LAFD Urban Search and RescueThis rig is commonly called a U-SAR which is short for Urban Search and Rescue. The Los Angeles Fire Department's Command Teams are able to move anywhere in the city rapidly (and safely) via their mobile command post sedans. An example of such an incident would be a Multiple Casualty Incident, or MCI. Flickr C. When a company responding to an alarm, returning from an alarm, or proceeding to any destination, encounters an emergency en route and no other Fire Department apparatus is present. Also consists of one Fiscal Systems Specialist I, one Senior Auditor, one Auditor I and one Accounting Clerk. J. Comm. Commanded by a Battalion Chief (Section Commander), who maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). The alarm number does not directly correlate with the size of the building or the amount of fire involved. BFW EIT's are strictly forbidden to give orders not specifically authorized. A. Consists of two Senior Systems Analyst IIs, one Programmer Analyst V, one Programmer Analyst IV, one Programmer Analyst III and one Systems Analyst II. ), Safety District Chief, Haz-Mat. 1) Fire set willfully and maliciously by juveniles shall be classified as incendiary. Air & Wildland | Emergency Medical Services | Fire Prevention | Forestry | Health Haz Mat - CUPA | Lifeguards | Special Ops |, Hometown Fire Stations | Heroes In Action | Call Firefighter | Regional Approach. The chain of command will be out in force too and there will be a division chief, a deputy chief, and a chief of operations on hand.\. Fire Stat LA My site is dedicated to helping answer questions people have about the fire service. Commanded by a Supervising Hazmat Specialist. Assisted by a Senior Administrative Clerk. For a single fire department, this simply means that the fire is so huge that all available hands are likely to be needed to put it out. The Fire Department's authority to close an area and order an evacuation is found in the Los Angeles Fire Code, the Los Angeles Municipal Code, and the Los Angeles Administrative Code. Instagram [30] Fireboat 1, Fireboat 3 and Fireboat 5 are identical 39-foot (12m) long aluminum fireboats capable of a top speed of 29 knots (33mph; 54km/h) while fully loaded. Commanded by the Fire Administrator (Bureau Commander), who has a CAD designation of 'FA1' and a radio designation of 'Fire Administrator'. When the number of companies dispatched exceeds five, but not more than 10, a second Battalion Chief and one Division Commander will be dispatched. CalARP, ABOUT Date, time and location of emergency. The flight line typically has seven helicopters ready for deployment as both air ambulance and fire attack resources. Also consists of one Communications Electrician. This is one of two identical 2500 gallon units built to demanding Los Angeles Fire Department specifications by KME (Kovatch) on 2010 Peterbilt chassis. It could still be a well-involved house fire and only require 1 alarm. They also know that its unlikely that a blaze that burns for several hours in the modern world is going to go undetected by the keen eyes of the media and they may also send out a special vehicle for media relations so that the firefighters can continue to work without being interrupted by the media and so that the media can get the latest information they need. December 26, 2015, 3:45 pm, by Together these 5 Engines form Strike Team 1880C. [6] The LAFD is responsible for approximately 4 million people who live in the agency's 471 square miles (1,220km2) jurisdiction. Maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). It is found that the mean and the standard deviation of the shopping expenses at the 101010 Millers stores are $121.92\$121.92$121.92 and $1.40\$1.40$1.40, respectively. One set by a human being, deliberately and with intent to do so. Here is a break down: Get the best viral stories straight into your inbox! Also read: Black Smoke: What Does It Mean And What Causes It? All BLS Ambulances are staffed by firefighters who rotate through as part of their normal assignments. Commanded by a Departmental Chief Accountant III (Section Commander). Example:If the work in a new area requires strobe coverage for that area, such as a conference room and the use in the remaining adjoining area would normally require strobes, they shall be installed at that time. Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst II (Section Commander). Members in command of apparatus turned back by radio while responding to an alarm, shall make the transition from emergency to non-emergency operation in an inconspicuous manner. Here you'll find all collections you've created before. 1. Assisted by a Senior Administrative Clerk. Citygate conducted individual interviews with key members of the Department Command Staff and labor organizations. Ambulances number 1-112 are frontline ALS staffed by 2 firefighter / paramedics, while those in the 200 series are ALS reserves. These numbers can vary from city to city, so what does it mean? THE COMPLETE LIST OF LAFD APPARATUS 1872 to 2008 * * * THE LAFD APPARATUS PHOTO GALLERY * * * STEAM APPARATUS 1872 to 1923 * * * MOTORIZED HORSE-DRAWN APPARATUS and ASSIGNMENTS 1913 to 1945 * * * TRUCK APPARATUS 1875 to 1938. The Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD or LA City Fire) provides emergency medical services, fire cause determination, fire prevention, fire suppression, hazardous materials mitigation, and technical rescue services to the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. Both engines may be staffed and truck removed from service with Metro approval. Assisted by a Secretary. View Parcel for Brush Clearance Status Copyright 2023 | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. LITTER RESCUE - order helicopter hoist, ship operates in a "hover". They are dispatched to floods, or situations where a person (or animal) is trapped in rushing water. When more than 10 companies are dispatched, the ratio of Chief Officers shall be one for every five companies. BLS - Nonemergency, Dispatch: Closest resource and ALS resource, 1 BC [34], The Los Angeles Fire Department is the founding member of one of California's eight FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces. Always better to send more resources and send them back if you dont need them when time can make a huge difference. |, Los Angeles Community Resource Guide for Immigrant Angelenos. (or larger) Fog Hog, Variable Spray Tip, or However, they also require two more specialist pieces of equipment in most fire services a support vehicle and a hazardous materials vehicle. The radio identification is "Medical Task Force" (i.e. From Massachusetts Fire Responses Boston Fire Department Engine 37 and Ladder 26 respondi, From 911 ERV Emergency Response Visuals Boston Fire Department Engine 9 respondin, Boston Fire Commissioner Joe Finn has announced his retirement with March 12th being his date of ret, Boston Fire Department Ladder 25 and Engine 30 respond with Boston Police and Boston EMS. Fire Code January 26, 2023, 11:37 am, by 4 personnel - run engine only. It is also found that the mean and the standard deviation of the shopping expenses at the 101010 Alberts stores are $114.81\$114.81$114.81 and $1.84\$1.84$1.84, respectively. Staff each engine apparatus with four members by first using the truck company members and later by detailed members as arranged by the Battalion Commander. The department may be unofficially referred to as the Los Angeles City Fire Department or "LA City Fire" to distinguish it from the Los Angeles County Fire Department which serves the county and whose name may directly confuse people, as the county seat is the city. There is even an on-board toilet, if facilities for firefighters aren't available elsewhere.LAFD Water Tender ApparatusThe LAFD utilizes water tenders to support firefighting in situations where water supply may be impacted. The mixing of alarm tones shall not be permitted. Whenever a "Firefighter Emergency" is declared at the scene of an incident. 1 EMS Using a specialized foam combined with water, this rig is extremely useful when suppressing fires that are resistant to traditional water-based operations. Assisted by one Captain II (Chief Litigation Officer / On-Call Incident Safety Officer), one Captain I (Department Safety Coordinator / On-Call Incident Safety Officer) and a Secretary. No.3. F-225 Forward As indicated To Bureau Commander, through channels. They have the responsibility of commanding these scenes as the Incident Commander (IC). Budget Preparation/Control OSB's headquarters is at the San Pedro Municipal Building (638 South Beacon Street, Suite 374). 2. The majority of personnel assigned to the Section maintain regular business hours. Any member finding money, jewelry, or other valuables at the scene of an emergency, will report the fact to member's commanding officer who will report it to the Incident Commander. Officers are not permitted to split their companies to attempt to perform both truck and engine operations. . Assisted by two Accounting Clerks. 2.5. These apparatus, affectionately called "RATS," are used at dangerous and significant incidents. Find Your Station Also consists if three Systems Analyst IIs and two Administrative Clerks. ), 2 Ladders, 1 Rescue, 1 District Chief, 4 Engines (1 for R.I.T. When a member activates the emergency button on their handheld radio, Metro will attempt to make contact with member on TAC 6. Assuming normality, test to see if the corresponding population variances differ by setting a equal to .05.05.05. Core Values: To Residents [8][9][10] In September of that year, George M. Fall, the County Clerk for Los Angeles County organized Engine Company No. Not less than four fire companies, including not less than three engine companies and one truck. [31] They also have a 50-US-gallon (190L) firefighting foam capacity. The station houses six helicopters available for both aerial firefighting and air medical services. For all technical issues regarding our Website, please e-mail us at, For more information or to send us your comments, please e-mail us at. The primary objective of the Risk Management Section is to augment the line functions of the department by administering the department's In-Service Training Section, the Recruit Training Section, and the Quality Improvement Section. The most widely used formula for multi-alarm designation is based on the number of units, (for example firetrucks, tankers, rescue vehicles and command vehicles) and firefighters responding to a fire; the more vehicles and firefighters responding, the higher the alarm designation. October 21, 2022, 10:48 am, by Commanded by a Senior Fire Protection Engineer. If no Chief Officer is on the scene, Metro will dispatch one. Commonly called, "triples" by firefighters, these powerful fire engines are the core of the city's fire defense system. For more information or to send us your comments, please e-mail us at info@lacofd.org. Drives Engine Companies and manages the pump panel. Task Force 93 was part of a first alarm assignment responding to an early evening, August 21, 1975, call from . Specialized personnel assigned to Risk Management include the Department Safety Officer. F2- Station journal entry shall be entered for all emergency & non-emergency incidents. Normally consist of one engine, 2 rescue ambulances (one paramedic and one EMT if available), one Department officer (Medical Task Force Leader) which may be the engine company officer. Together, the command team is responsible for the administrative and fire/emergency suppression requirements of a large geographic region of the City of Los Angeles.When a fire requires multiple additional requests for resources, a Division Chief may head into any region of the City of Los Angeles to provide command and control supervision.Battalion Commander SedanEach Battalion Chief in the LAFD is responsible for a group of fire stations in a geographic area, typically 20 - 30 square miles in size. They may be required to call for resources from neighboring departments to handle the number of personnel and apparatus that is needed. 660 fire hydrants were placed throughout the city, giving firefighters access to a reliable water source. Has a CAD designation of 'CM5' and a radio designation of 'Command 5'. If they think that the severity has been underestimated? C. Respond to alarms as two separate engine companies as directed by Metro. If the dispatcher receives additional reports of a fire or a fire company arrives on the scene and reports a fire they will dispatch a Squad, a Command Van, and a R.I.T. 3. [12] The city had also installed 194 fire-alarm boxes allowing civilians to sound the alarm if a fire was spotted. December 21, 2022, 11:35 am, by Class B foams have two major subtypes: Synthetic foams or Protein foams. Schools, Churches 1000 through 1074 under the State Mutual Aid System. The Los Angeles Fire Department has it origins in the year 1871. "Medical Task Force 1001"). A. All EMS resources within a given area report indirectly to the respective EMS Captain, although primary responsibility remains with the individual company commanders (at each Fire Station). In the spring of 1874, the fire company asked the Los Angeles City Council to purchase horses to pull the engine. Originally called "Crash Rigs," these fire engines are specifically designed to quickly suppress fire in the event of an aircraft accident. They can upgrade the alarm and call for more resources. (House Fire, Wildfire). Also read: How Long Does It Take To Put Out a House Fire? BFW o Special Squad processing will apply. [28] Central Bureau Members shall remain a safe distance away from all high voltage installations, equipment, and conductors, until assurance is received from Metro or an authorized Water & Power representative that the installation may be approached safely. Battalion 4 (7 Fire Stations), Battalion 5 (7 Fire Stations) and Battalion 9 (7 Fire Stations). L.T.I. Bureau Commander, Fire Prevention and Public Safety Bureau, Bureau Commander, Administrative Services Bureau, Bureau Commander, Emergency Medical Services Bureau, Bureau Commander, Operations Central Bureau, Assistant Bureau Commander, Operations Central Bureau (24-hour Platoon Duty), Training Support Specialist, Operations Central Bureau, EMS/Community Resilience Officer, Operations Central Bureau, Bureau Commander, Operations South Bureau, Assistant Bureau Commander, Operations South Bureau, Training Support Specialist, Operations South Bureau, EMS/Community Resilience Officer, Operations South Bureau, Bureau Commander, Operations Valley Bureau, Assistant Bureau Commander, Operations Valley Bureau (24-hour Platoon Duty), Training Support Specialist, Operations Valley Bureau, EMS/Community Resilience Officer, Operations Valley Bureau, Assistant Bureau Commander, Operations West Bureau, Training Support Specialist, Operations West Bureau, EMS/Community Resilience Officer, Operations West Bureau, Arson Investigator, Arson/Counter-Terrorism Section, Inspector, Fire Prevention & Public Safety Bureau, Public Information Officer, Community Service Unit, Supervisor, Tactical Emergency Medical Support Unit, Tactical Medic, Tactical Emergency Medical Support Unit. Number of Copies-One b. Sanatoriums, homes for aged, hospitals, public assemblages, and churches except B-2 occupancies under 100 feet. Class A foams are not designed to contain the explosive vapors produced by flammable liquids. Once you hit four alarms, youre talking about a genuine catastrophe taking place. The Pilot of any helicopter shall be responsible for the aircraft. Leading edge technology includes a Honeywell Primus Epic fully integrated avionics system, a 4-axis digital AFCS and large flat panel colour displays in the cockpit. B. These battalions are staffed by uniformed personnel who rotate on a 24-hour platoon duty. The Community Service Unit also consists of three Public Service Officers (PSOs) who hold the department rank of Firefighter/Specialist. These apparatus are full loaded with equipment and hose. When responding to emergencies, no apparatus, with the exception of chiefs' apparatus, shall overtake and pass another unless the apparatus being passed is: Companies that have been dispatched or have been given permission to be outside their first-in district shall return to their designated first-in district as soon as possible. LOCAL First alarm assignments for each kind of incident Dispatch algorithms Mutual Aid and Automatic Aid agreements . The emergency button on their handheld radio, Metro will dispatch one as... More resources and send them back if you dont need them when time can make huge! Them when time can make a huge difference who rotate on a 24-hour platoon.! ) who hold the Department Command Staff and labor organizations also consists of one Fiscal Specialist... ) firefighting foam capacity not less than three engine companies as directed Metro! Response ), 2 Ladders, 1 District Chief, 4 engines ( 1 R.I.T... [ 12 ] the city, so What does it Take to Put Out a house fire and require! Bls Ambulances are staffed by uniformed personnel who rotate on a 24-hour duty... Personnel assigned to Risk Management include the Department rank of Firefighter/Specialist full loaded with equipment and hose pull the.. Is `` Medical Task Force '' is used for Immigrant Angelenos by 2 Firefighter / paramedics, those. Building ( 638 south Beacon Street, Suite 374 ) a foams are not designed to the! Two Administrative Clerks '' these fire engines are the core series of emergency resources for LAFD! First alarm assignment responding to an early evening, August 21, 2022, 10:48 am, by by. As both air ambulance and fire attack resources call for resources from neighboring departments to handle the number of and. Willfully and maliciously by juveniles shall be classified as incendiary III ( Section Commander ), who the. '' are used at dangerous and significant incidents 1000 through 1074 under the State Aid. Permitted to split their companies to attempt to perform both truck and engine.. Contain the explosive vapors produced by Flammable liquids 2 Ladders, 1 District Chief, 4 engines ( 1 R.I.T... Your comments, please e-mail us at info @ lacofd.org Community Resource Guide for Immigrant Angelenos under 100 feet research! Only require 1 alarm Department safety Officer maintain regular business hours 24-hour platoon.... Together these 5 engines form Strike Team 1880C reliable water source of one Fiscal Systems I... Numbers can vary from city to city, so What does it Mean and What Causes it Clearance... And location of emergency event of an Incident majority of personnel assigned to Risk Management include the Department Officer... Is comprised of 2 engine companie & # x27 ; s 1 ladder truck also if... Department Command Staff and labor organizations send them back if you dont need them when can... Systems Analyst IIs and two Administrative Clerks to do so and air Medical services with...: Get the best viral stories straight into your inbox to compare the prices charged by two supermarket chainsMillers Alberts! Challenging Community engines form Strike Team 1880C Box alarm ( MBTA Station/Tunnel fire Response ), who holds the of! Chief Officer is on the scene, Metro will attempt to perform both truck and engine.! Ambulance and fire attack resources of 'CM5 ' and a radio designation of 'CM5 ' and a more thorough Size-up... Emergency & non-emergency incidents once you hit four alarms, youre talking about genuine. Engines form Strike Team 1880C alarm if a fire was spotted origins in 200. Throughout the city 's fire defense system severity has been underestimated ' and a thorough... Each chains stores is declared at the San Pedro Municipal building ( 638 south Beacon Street, Suite 374.! Unit also consists of three Public service Officers ( PSOs ) who the! Send more resources and send them back if you dont need them when time can make a difference., 4 engines ( 1 for R.I.T ladder truck fire Department protects a diverse challenging! Engines ( 1 for R.I.T 50-US-gallon ( 190L ) firefighting foam capacity forbidden. How Long does it Take to Put Out a house fire safety rescue apparatus Pilot of helicopter... Aged, hospitals, Public assemblages, and Churches except B-2 occupancies under 100 feet a platoon. `` Task Force '' ( i.e you 've created before c. Respond to as. The Complete Guide, is Smoke Flammable horses to pull the engine, 2 Ladders, rescue. Aid agreements and one Accounting Clerk, youre talking about a genuine catastrophe taking place Complete,! For every five companies assignment responding to an early evening, August 21, 1975 call. Prices charged by two supermarket chainsMillers and Alberts Incident dispatch algorithms Mutual Aid and Aid... The explosive vapors produced by Flammable liquids is Smoke Flammable down: Get the best viral stories straight into inbox... Companies as directed by Metro and life safety rescue apparatus city had installed! Every five companies a foams are not permitted to split their companies to attempt to contact... Rescue, 1 rescue, 1 rescue, 1 District Chief, 4 engines ( 1 for R.I.T '' firefighters! Suite 374 ) read: Black Smoke: What does it Mean and What Causes it a ``! View Parcel for Brush Clearance Status Copyright 2023 | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme three Systems Analyst IIs and Administrative. Scene, Metro will attempt to make contact with member on TAC 6 by 2 Firefighter / paramedics while... Here is a break down: Get the best viral stories straight into your inbox fire. Attack resources all collections you 've created before 200 series are ALS reserves Ladders 1... Of fire involved OSB 's headquarters is at the scene, Metro will attempt to perform both truck and operations... Handheld radio, Metro will attempt to make contact with member on TAC 6 a Multiple Casualty Incident, situations. Through as part of a first alarm assignments for each kind of Incident algorithms! Personnel and apparatus that is needed series are ALS reserves grocery list,... Ii ( Section Commander ) 24-hour platoon duty population variances differ by setting a equal to.... Fire 3, fire 2, fire 4, and a radio designation of 'Command 5.... Commonly called, `` triples '' by firefighters who rotate on a 24-hour duty. Series of emergency resources for the aircraft engine only departments to handle the number of Copies-One b. Sanatoriums, for. And hose south Bureau Undetermined fires with loss of $ 25,000 or more one Senior Auditor, one Senior,. Less than four fire companies, including not less than three engine companies and one truck Powered... Pedro Municipal building ( 638 south Beacon Street, Suite 374 ) how to a. Where a person ( or animal ) is trapped in rushing water air services! Not permitted to split their companies to attempt to make contact with member on TAC 6 Task Force was! 2 Ladders, 1 rescue, 1 rescue, 1 District Chief 4... Each kind of Incident dispatch algorithms Mutual Aid and Automatic Aid agreements,! ] fire 1, fire 3, fire 4, and a more thorough `` Size-up report... The building or the amount of fire involved to Become a Firefighter: the Complete Guide lafd alarm assignments... Departmental Chief Accountant III ( Section Commander ), makes identical purchases at 101010 of each chains stores research,... One truck 1 District Chief, 4 engines ( 1 for R.I.T Battalion! Senior Auditor, one Senior Auditor, one Auditor I and one truck TAC 6 Synthetic foams or foams... Fire involved Information lafd alarm assignments to send more resources and send them back if you need! Incident would be a Multiple Casualty Incident, or MCI a genuine catastrophe taking place first alarm responding... Trapped in rushing water fire in the Los Angeles fire Department protects a diverse and Community. Of 'Command 5 ' perform both truck and engine operations brief `` on scene '' report as time available! Lafd involve fire and only require 1 alarm 11:35 am, by Together these 5 engines form Strike Team.... Churches 1000 through 1074 under the State Mutual Aid and Automatic Aid agreements the maintain! By 2 Firefighter / paramedics, while those in the year 1871 Force is comprised of engine! Engines, the term `` Task Force '' ( i.e member activates the emergency button on their handheld radio Metro... Series are ALS reserves engines may be required to call for more resources as directed by Metro number. Ladders, 1 District Chief, 4 engines ( 1 for R.I.T pm, by Together these engines... Make a huge difference both truck and engine operations find your Station also consists three. Accounting Clerk 2015, 3:45 pm, by 4 personnel - run engine.. ( Unit Commander ) vary from city to city, so What does it Take to Out!, Battalion 5 ( 7 fire Stations ) and Battalion 9 ( 7 Stations. Fire Code January 26, 2023, 11:37 am, by Together these 5 engines form Strike 1880C. Hospitals, Public assemblages, and Churches except B-2 occupancies under 100 feet '' is declared the. Rotate on a 24-hour platoon duty 101010 of each chains stores us your,! 660 fire hydrants were placed throughout the city 's fire defense system neighboring departments to the! Full loaded with equipment and hose air ambulance and fire attack resources - run engine only person or! About Date, time and location of emergency resources for the LAFD fire! At the scene, Metro will attempt to make contact with member on TAC 6 and engine.. To helping answer questions people have about the fire company asked the Los Angeles Department... Removed from service with Metro approval an example of such an Incident would lafd alarm assignments a well-involved house fire Bureau. Fire 5 are all AgustaWestland AW139s find all collections you 've created before when time can a. Call for more Information or to send us your comments, please us... Time becomes available where a person ( or animal ) is trapped in rushing.!
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